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Charpy vs Izod: An Impact Testing Comparison

Lee Mangham – Element Sheffield

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Lee Mangham是谢菲尔德im体育APP实验室的技术经理, 他负责各种各样的技术内容,并拥有超过30年的机械测试经验.

夏比冲击试验和伊佐德冲击试验都是测定冲击强度或韧性的常用方法, of a material. 这些测试测量的是一种材料能吸收的总能量. 这种能量吸收与材料的脆性直接相关. Brittle materials, such as ceramics or glass, 它们的吸收率往往低于不锈钢或黄铜等延展性材料.

认识到材料的能量吸收特性是至关重要的, 因为它提供了对材料在面临灾难性破坏之前可以承受的塑性变形程度的见解. Additionally, 在为您的项目选择冲击测试方法之前,全面了解这两种流行的冲击测试方法之间的共同特征和区别是必不可少的.

 

What is Charpy Impact Testing?

The Charpy impact test was developed by S.B. 罗素和乔治·查比,在20世纪之交. It remains, to this day, 最流行的冲击测试方法之一,由于创建样品和获得结果相对容易. The test apparatus consists of a weighted pendulum, 哪一种是从规定的高度掉下来与试样接触的. 传递给材料的能量可以通过比较断裂前后钟摆的高度差来推断.

 

Charpy Impact Test Specimen Dimensions

A Charpy test specimen, which is placed horizontally into the machine, is typically a 55 x 10 x 10mm (2.165" x 0.394" x 0.394") bar with a notch machined into one of the faces. This notch, which can be either V-shaped or U-shaped, 在远离摆锤的地方放置,有助于集中应力,促进断裂. 缺口必须具有特定的尺寸和几何形状,以确保结果一致. 测试可以在环境温度和低温下进行,有时低至-425F(254°C)。.

Charpy Test Standards: 夏比冲击试验通常按照ASTM E23等标准进行, ASTM A370, or ISO 148. 尽管该测试通常与金属有关, 还有针对塑料和聚合物的特定标准, such as ASTM D6110 and ISO 179.

“在选择适合材料应用的测试类型时,重要的是要注意只有夏比测试可以在亚环境温度和高温下进行.”

Lee Mangham

Technical MANAGER

What is Izod Impact Testing?

伊佐德冲击试验是以英国工程师埃德温·吉尔伯特·伊佐德的名字命名的, who first described the test method in 1903. 试验装置和试样设计与夏比冲击非常相似, with some notable differences, including the shape and orientation of the specimen, 哪个垂直夹在仪器中,缺口面向钟摆. 然后摆锤在缺口上方的指定区域撞击样品.

Izod Test Standards: Common Izod impact test methods include ASTM E23 & BS 131 for metals, and ISO 180 & ASTM D256 for plastics.

 

Izod vs Charpy Test Comparison

与Charpy冲击的主要区别之一是,Izod冲击试验在同一样品上以两个方向进行,而Charpy冲击试验在同一方向进行. Plastic samples are typically a 64 x 12.7 x 3.2 mm bar with a machined V-shaped notch. Metallic samples are typically round 127 x 11.43 mm bar with 1 or 3 machined V-shaped notch(es).

Charpy vs Izod Impact Testing Comparison Infographic.

 

I have metallic samples. Which method should I perform?

如果您选择Izod冲击测试,选择正确的试样配置是下一步. 选择范围从圆形到方形,单缺口到三缺口的样品. 

选择3缺口的样本可能更具成本效益, 因为它需要更少的材料来获得三个冲击结果. Additionally, 3缺口样本提供了从不同方向平均结果的优势, 潜在地减少方向属性的偏差-这是材料的基本考虑因素. 试样配置的选择可以在获得准确和公正的冲击测试结果方面发挥关键作用.

 

Charpy和Izod冲击试验有什么区别?

Charpy vs Izod Impact Testing Comparison
夏比与伊佐德冲击试验对比,包括测试材料, types of notches, position, striking point, dimensions, and common specifications.

注:当Izod样品要加工到ASTM E23时,样品将是一个圆形样品的单缺口样品,尺寸如下.4mm diameter x 75mm. 如果选择方形样品,应遵循以下尺寸:131 x 10 x 10mm.

 

Selecting Charpy or Izod Impact Testing 

在Izod和Charpy方法之间进行选择需要考虑它们在试样设计和测试配置方面的异同. It's crucial to make this decision thoughtfully. 您的测试提供者可以指导您,使方法与您的具体材料和最终目标保持一致. Typically, 材料规格书将注明所需的试验类型,以确保其符合必要的标准.

 

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